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随着我国经济的发展与科技的进步,在保障经济发展的同时,环境问题逐渐被重视起来。已有研究表明,在产生雾霾天气的多种因素中,仅工业污染排放就占35%,燃煤电厂占10%。而在工业生产中产生的高温烟气、腐蚀性气体中,超细颗粒排放是产生可呼吸性粉尘的主要原因之一[1-2]。传统的袋式除尘器因为除尘效率高、发展较早、研究较为成熟,被广泛用于工业企业中,如焦化厂、炼铁厂、炼钢厂、炭黑厂、火力发电站等[3-4]。由于传统滤袋材料的限制,高温烟气须先被降温至滤料承受范围内(<280 ℃),再进行除尘。这种处理方式不仅不利于余热能源的利用,且长期处于较高温的环境下,还会影响滤袋的再生利用,产生烧袋和糊袋现象[5-6]。
与传统滤袋材质不同,金属滤袋由不锈钢材质制备,具有耐高温性,其可过滤的烟气温度高达400 ℃,使用铁铬铝材质制备的金属滤袋温度甚至可达1 000 ℃[7-8]。用金属滤袋替代传统滤袋处理高温烟气,不仅可以提升余热资源的利用率,降低滤袋的破损率,还可以减少后续设备的磨损。苏娜等[9]指出,金属纤维毡滤袋相比于现有的滤料,具有耐高温、透气性好、压力损失小、耐腐蚀、易于加工成型等优异的性能,将会被越来越广泛地应用在高温烟气除尘行业。孙鹏等[10]认为,金属纤维烧结毡有着优异的透气性能,其过滤效率可达到99.99%,排放浓度小于3.6 mg·m−3,可满足国家现行最严格的排放标准。
此外,清灰效果也是影响除尘器推广应用的重要因素。前期研究表明,传统袋式除尘器的清灰效果主要受滤袋大小、喷吹口孔径大小、喷吹高度和喷吹压力等因素的影响[11-12]。国内外常用脉冲喷吹对滤袋进行清灰的处理[13]。YAN等[14]通过实验证明,最大侧壁压力峰值更能反映清灰过程。LI等[15]的研究也显示喷吹压力越大,侧壁压力峰值越大。HUMPHRIES等[16]的研究表明,侧壁压力峰值要大于300 Pa才可以除去滤袋上60%的粉尘。王沁淘等[17]的研究显示,当最大侧壁峰值压力大于5 282 Pa时,脉冲清灰过度,导致滤袋破损。综上分析,可认为当侧壁压力峰值为300~2 500 Pa时,才会对滤袋产生有效地清灰。但针对金属滤袋脉冲喷吹压力分布影响因素的研究鲜有报道。
本研究针对金属滤袋开展了脉冲喷吹实验,研究脉冲喷吹高度、脉冲喷吹压力以及脉冲喷吹孔径对金属滤袋清灰压力分布的影响。同时,将所测得的喷吹压力分布规律与传统滤袋和滤筒的压力分布规律进行对比,为金属滤袋的后续研究提供参考。
脉冲喷吹金属滤袋的压力分布影响因素分析
Analysis of factors affecting pressure distribution of pulse jet metal filter bag
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摘要: 金属纤维滤袋可直接过滤高温烟气粉尘,解决高温烟气粉尘导致的环境、安全问题,对高温烟气的余热能源回收利用有非常重要的意义。目前,金属滤袋除尘器脉冲喷吹参数是依照传统纤维滤袋器设计的,存在着脉冲瞬时气流导致喷吹清灰失效问题。针对此问题,在脉冲喷吹实验平台上,通过改变喷吹压力、喷吹距离以及喷吹孔径,针对ϕ130 mm×2 000 mm的金属滤袋,利用压力数据采集系统测试喷吹压力0.2~0.6 MPa、喷吹孔径6~14 mm、喷吹距离50~250 mm时,金属滤袋距顶部80、200、600、1 000、1 400和1 800 mm 6个部位的侧壁压力峰值,以探求针对金属滤袋的脉冲喷吹的合理参数。结果表明:2 m金属滤袋的最佳脉冲喷吹孔径为8 mm,最佳喷吹距离为200 mm,最佳喷吹压力为0.5 MPa;此条件下的P1(80 mm)、P2(200 mm)、P3(600 mm)、P4(1 000 mm)、P5(1 400 mm)、P6(1 800 mm)的侧壁压力峰值分别为1 000、1 686、839、746、749和2 005 Pa。金属滤袋的侧壁压力峰值大小排列呈下>上>中的规律。随着喷吹孔径的增大,最优喷吹距离有逐渐减小的趋势。金属滤袋的中、下部(距滤袋口600~1 400 mm)清灰将是未来金属滤袋清灰的重点关注部位。上述研究结果可为金属滤袋的推广发展提供参考。Abstract: The metal filter bag can be directly used for the filtration of high-temperature flue gas dust, which can solve the environmental and safety problems caused by this dust, and has great significance for the recycling of waste heat energy with the high-temperature flue gas. At present, the pulse-jet parameters of the metal filter bag dust collector are designed according to the traditional fiber filter bag, and the problem of cleaning failure caused by the pulsed instantaneous air flow will occur. In response to this problem, a pulse-jet test platform was used to study the pressure change of a metal filter bag with size of ϕ130 mm×2 000 mm. The lateral pressure peaks at six positions of this filter: 80, 200, 600, 1 000, 1 400 and 1 800 mm from the bag opening, were collected by a pressure data acquisition system when the injection pressures were 0.2~0.6 MPa, nozzle apertures were 6~14 mm and jet distances were 50~250 mm. The reasonable parameters for pulse-jet of metal filter bags could be determined. The experimental results show that the optimal pulse-jet nozzle aperture of 2 m-metal filter bag was 8 mm, the optimum jet distance was 200 mm, the optimum jet pressure was 0.5 MPa. Under these conditions the lateral pressure peak values were 1 000, 1 686, 839, 746, 749 and 2 005 Pa at P1 (80 mm), P2 (200 mm), P3 (600 mm), P4 (1 000 mm), P5 (1 400 mm), and P6 (1 800 mm), respectively. The lateral peak pressures of the metal filter bag were in the order of bottom>top>medium. As the jet aperture increased, the optimal jet distance decreased gradually. The dust cleaning at the middle and bottom positions of the metal filter bag (600~1 400 mm from the bag opening) will be the focus in the future. This study could provide a reference for the promotion and development of metal filter bags.
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表 1 喷吹管孔径设置
Table 1. Jet nozzle aperture setting
喷吹管
编号孔径/mm 开孔1 开孔2 开孔3 开孔4 开孔5 开孔6 1 6 6 6 5 5 5 2 8 8 8 7 7 7 3 10 10 10 9 9 9 4 12 12 12 11 11 11 5 14 14 14 13 13 13 表 2 不同喷吹孔径在0.5 MPa下的侧壁压力峰值标准差
Table 2. Standard deviation of lateral pressure peaks of different pulse-jet apertures at 0.5 MPa jet pressure
编号 喷吹孔径/mm 标准方差 1 6 0.515 2 8 0.453 3 10 0.439 4 12 0.513 5 14 0.414 表 3 8 mm和10 mm的P3、P4、P5的侧壁压力峰值
Table 3. Lateral pressure peaks at P3, P4 and P5 with jet apertures of 8 mm and 10 mm
测点 压力/Pa 孔径8 mm 孔径10 mm P3 839.23 787.53 P4 746.85 719.52 P5 749.32 685.89 -
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