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地下水资源作为水资源中重要组成部分,在保障城乡居民生活、支持经济社会发展和维护生态平衡等方面发挥着十分重要的作用[1]。由于山东省经济社会发展和人口不断增长,地下水的重要性日益凸显,特别是在缺水严重的鲁中南中低山丘陵地区[2]。柴汶河上游地处鲁中南地区新汶盆地内,新泰市境内流域面积为1664.8 km2。受煤矿开采、农业灌溉等人类活动影响,地下水资源匮乏严重。
运用水化学分析方法,分析水体水化学特征及离子来源,是了解地下水循环的主要方法之一[3]。同位素技术自20世纪50年代以来已经被广泛应用于探讨水体成因、来源、组成以及不同水体之间的相互转化、判断水体运动规律等方面,也成为研究地下水循环的主要方式[4-6]。
本文基于在新汶盆地开展的1:5万水文地质调查工作,对不同水体进行了取样测试工作,运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型、氢氧同位素等手段,对区内水化学特征进行分析总结,探讨区域水循环机理,为流域水资源持续利用和生态环境建设提供科学依据。
山东省柴汶河上游地区地下水化学特征分析
Groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics in the up reaches of Chaiwen River,Shandong Province
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摘要: 为了解柴汶河上游地区地下水补给来源及循环规律,对不同水体进行了取样工作。通过运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、地下水离子比值及氢氧同位素等方法,综合分析了研究区地下水化学特征。研究结果表明,区内地下水化学类型多样,以HCO3·SO4-Ca、HCO3-Ca型为主,地下水主要离子组分受水岩相互作用影响,离子主要来源于碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的溶解作用,阳离子交换作用较弱;地下水主要补给来源为大气降水,补给来源主要是近10年内的新水;水循环速度较快,以浅部径流为主。Abstract: In order to understand the source and circulation of groundwater supply in the upper reaches of the ChaiwenRiver, different types of water were sampled. Using mathematical statistics, Piper nomograph, Gibbs figure, ion ratio, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the study area were analyzed comprehensively,. The results showed that there were various types of groundwater in the area, mainly hydrochemical types were HCO3·SO4-Ca and HCO3-Ca. The hydrochemical components were controlled by water-rock interaction and mainly from the dissolution of carbonate and silicate, the cation exchange was weak. The main source of groundwater recharge was atmospheric precipitation, the source of water supply was fresh water in the past 10 years.The water circulation speed was fast, and the shallow runoff was the dominant.
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Key words:
- Chaiwen River /
- groundwater /
- hydrochemical characteristics /
- isotopic analysis
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表 1 研究区地下水水化学组分统计表
Table 1. Statistical table of groundwater chemical components in study area
地下水类型
Groundwater type水化学/(mg·L−1) Hydrochemisty pH TDS/
(mg·L−1)H2SiO3/
(mg·L−1)Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl− ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-} $ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^{-} $ ${\rm{NO}}_3^{-} $ 松散岩类孔隙水
Groundwater in
unconsolidated sediments最大值Maximum 94.97 492.78 96.13 300.64 736.30 602.48 549.15 8 2145 57.75 最小值Minimum 12.79 90.78 17.74 34.74 81.65 88.55 6.79 7.2 410 5.67 平均值Average 49.21 226.39 33.88 103.61 266.63 339.28 138.42 7.52 1002.54 25.78 标准差Standard deviation 22.37 93.28 15.16 53.76 141.53 87.79 114.85 0.17 384.42 8.17 变异系数Coefficient of variation 0.45 0.41 0.45 0.52 0.53 0.26 0.83 0.02 0.38 0.32 碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水
Pore-fissure groundwater
in clastic rocks最大值Maximum 184.7 260.32 57.48 106.71 572.52 501.52 127.11 8.1 1220 30.76 最小值Minimum 9.46 30.46 11.67 23.4 67.24 166.09 31.06 7.4 465 15.98 平均值Average 41.02 155.43 27.4 52.31 187.28 300.1 84.8 7.65 710.77 22.78 标准差Standard deviation 44.88 57.89 12.54 25.9 121.72 87.36 34.23 0.2 186.72 4.99 碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水
Pore-fissure groundwater
in clastic rocks变异系数Coefficient of variation 1.09 0.37 0.46 0.5 0.65 0.29 0.4 0.03 0.26 0.22 碳酸盐岩类裂隙岩溶水
Fissure karst water in
carbonatite rocks最大值Maximum 109.4 277.55 100.51 156.35 788.65 436.39 261.6 8 1632 31.37 最小值Minimum 3.02 76.55 9.24 6.03 55.23 191.49 4.39 7.2 330 12.3 平均值Average 18.7 145.1 27.46 37.97 167.34 294.49 57.96 7.62 611.81 19.53 标准差Standard deviation 23.13 54.34 19.46 38.24 152.79 60.28 55.11 0.22 300.37 5 变异系数Coefficient of variation 1.24 0.37 0.71 1.01 0.91 0.2 0.95 0.03 0.49 0.26 岩浆岩变质岩类裂隙水
Fissure water in magmatic
and metamorphic rocks最大值Maximum 83.49 259.52 48.13 202.44 213.25 400.57 328.55 7.9 1262 61.09 最小值Minimum 14.73 30.06 4.86 7.45 10.57 32.57 3.74 7 222 20.42 平均值Average 30.24 104.31 16.9 47.19 108.9 152.37 111.22 7.56 523.24 40.85 标准差Standard deviation 18.13 61.37 10.85 47.93 54.12 96.37 78.18 0.24 271.44 10.09 变异系数Coefficient of variation 0.6 0.59 0.64 1.02 0.5 0.63 0.7 0.03 0.52 0.25 全部水样
All water samples最大值Maximum 184.7 492.78 100.51 300.64 788.65 602.48 549.15 8.1 2145 61.09 最小值Minimum 3.02 30.06 4.86 6.03 10.57 32.57 3.74 7 222 5.67 平均值Average 34.95 158.59 26.06 63.15 182.12 263.78 103.53 7.57 717.95 28.71 标准差Standard deviation 28.38 86.22 16.26 52.94 136.24 115.65 88.31 0.22 366.55 11.68 变异系数Coefficient of variation 0.81 0.54 0.62 0.84 0.75 0.44 0.85 0.03 0.51 0.41 表 2 研究区δD、δ18O值统计表
Table 2. Statistics of δD,δ18O values in study area
测试项目
Test items松散岩类孔隙水
Groundwater in
unconsolidated
sediments碳酸盐岩
裂隙岩溶水
Fissure karst
water in
carbonatite
rocks岩浆岩变质
岩裂隙水
Fissure water in
magmatic and
metamorphic
rocksr碎屑岩孔
隙裂隙水
Pore-fissure
groundwater in
clastic rocks泉水
Spring河水
River水库水
Reservoir
water大气降水
Atmospheric
precipitationδD/‰ 最大值Maximum −31.4 −40.6 −40 — — −25.9 −27.5 — 最小值Minimum −43.8 −53.6 −49.2 — — −43.1 −43.2 — 均值Average −38.2 −46.9 −44.4 −46.7 −39.3 −32 −37.1 −38.7 δ18O/‰ 最大值Maximum −5.1 −5.3 −5.6 — — −4.2 −4.1 — 最小值Minimum −6.4 −7.1 −7.2 — — −5.2 −6.4 — 均值Average −5.8 −6.3 −6.6 −7.2 −5.3 −4.6 −5.3 −5.5 表 3 研究区氚同位素统计表
Table 3. Tritium isotope statistics in study area
测试项目
Test items松散岩类孔隙水
Groundwater in
unconsolidated
sediments碳酸盐岩裂
隙岩溶水
Fissure karst
water in
carbonatite
rocks岩浆岩变质
岩裂隙水
Fissure water in
magmatic and
metamorphic
rocks碎屑岩裂隙水
Pore-fissure
groundwater in
clastic rocks泉水
Spring河水
River水库水
Reservoir
water大气降水
Atmospheric
precipitation3H(TU) 最大值Maximum 5.2 5.8 6.3 — — 5.5 6.2 — 最小值Minimum 4.6 2.8 2.3 — — 4.2 3.5 — 均值Average 4.8 4.7 3.9 2.5 5.6 4.8 4.7 15.6 -
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