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枳壳为芸香科植物酸橙 Citrus aurantium 及其栽培变种的干燥未成熟果实,具有理气宽中、行滞消胀之功效[1]。目前,对于枳壳的炮制方法主要有麸炒、炒黄、蜜制等,其中加辅料炒主要以小麦麸炒为主[2]。故本研究以“辅料炒”为切入点,创新枳壳炮制方式,采用“味苦、性寒”的苦荞麦的麸皮作为固体辅料,苦能泄降,微寒能清[3];旨在增强枳壳“行滞消胀”之功效,达协同增效之目的。
枳壳主要含黄酮苷类、生物碱类、柠檬苦素类以及挥发油类等成分[3]。2020年版中国药典以柚皮苷和新橙皮苷作为定量指标来控制枳壳质量,祝婧等[4]亦根据分子对接和网络药理学结果建立了与宽中除胀功效相关的潜在质量标志物,其中包括了辛弗林、柠檬苦素等16个成分。故本研究选择辛弗林、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、柠檬苦素和诺米林的5种成分含量作为质量评价指标,对枳壳两种不同的炮制方式进行评价。
辛弗林、柠檬苦素和诺米林的3种化合物在电喷雾检测器中的响应较紫外检测器较优。综合考虑,本研究采用UPLC-CAD法分析比较枳壳生品以及两种不同炮制品的5种药效指标成分的含量差异,以期为创新枳壳饮片炮制工艺、阐释中药材炮制科学内涵提供理论参考。
UPLC-CAD法比较小麦麸皮与苦荞麸皮炒枳壳有效成分含量的变化
Changes of effective components content of wheat bran and Tartary buckwheat bran fried Aurantii Fructus by UPLC-CAD method
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摘要: 建立超高效液相色谱-电雾式检测器(UPLC-CAD)法比较枳壳药材生品、小麦麸皮及苦荞麸皮炒枳壳炮制品的药效指标成分含量差异。根据2020年版《中国药典》(四部)炮制通则中相关炮制方法制备小麦麸皮与苦荞麸皮炒枳壳的炮制品,UPLC-CAD法测定其中辛弗林、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、柠檬苦素和诺米林5种成分的含量。结果表明,枳壳中辛弗林含量在炮制前后无显著性差异(P>0.05);柚皮苷和新橙皮苷两种黄酮苷类化合物的含量经过小麦麸皮炒后含量均有降低,而苦荞麸皮炒后新橙皮苷含量有上升趋势;两种炮制辅料对新橙皮苷含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05);经过两种炮制方式炮制后,柠檬苦素和诺米林的含量均有上升的趋势,且柠檬苦素含量在经过苦荞麸皮炒后含量上升明显,存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。本研究建立的UPLC-CAD法简便、快捷、可靠,可为枳壳及其炮制品的质量评价提供参考。Abstract: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detector (UPLC-CAD) method was established to compare the content differences of medicinal efficacy index components in the raw products of Aurantii Fructus, wheat bran and tartary buckwheat bran fried products. According to the processing general rules of 《Chinese Pharmacopoeia》(4) in 2020 edition, the processed products of fried Aurantii Fructus with wheat bran and Tartary wheat bran were prepared. The contents of synephrine, naringin, neohesperidin, limonin and nomilin were determined by UPLC-CAD method. The results showed that synefrin content in fructus aurantii had no significant difference before and after processing (P>0.05). The content of naringin and neohesperidin decreased after wheat bran frying, while the content of neohesperidin increased after Tartary buckwheat bran frying. There were significant differences in the content of nehesperidin between the two processing excipients (P<0.05). After the two processing methods, the contents of limonin and nomelin increased, and the content of limonin increased significantly after Tartary buckwheat bran frying, with significant differences (P <0.05). In this study, the UPLC-CAD method established was simple, fast and reliable, which could provide reference for the quality evaluation of Aurantii Fructus and its processed products.
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