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锑(Sb)和砷(As)及其化合物因其强生物毒性和潜在的致癌性而受到广泛关注和重视,许多国家与组织已将他们列为优先控制污染物,并对其在饮用水中的浓度进行了限定。世界卫生组织规定饮用水中锑、砷的最大质量浓度分别为0.01 mg∙L−1和0.02 mg∙L−1[1]。此外,由于锑和砷的地球化学行为和理化性质的相似性[2],加之目前许多地区对工业废水进行集中化处理[3],导致了废水水体中他们的共存。例如,国内湖南锡矿山和广西大厂等矿山附近水体以及贵州省独山县某厂的冶炼废水中均同时检测到了较高浓度的Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ),尤其是锡矿山周围水体中锑和砷的质量浓度可达10.09 mg∙L−1和1.62 mg∙L−1[4-6]。而当Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)共存时,不仅会对生态环境造成更大的威胁,对其处理也提出更高要求。由此,选择一种合适的工艺处理复合重金属废水对实际废水治理具有重要实际意义。
在众多处理工艺中,吸附法因操作简单、效率高、经济适用等优势被广泛采用。开发高性能吸附剂成为当前的研究热点。目前,众多吸附剂被开发用于处理Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)废水,包括铁氧(氢氧)化物、活性氧化铝、沸石、阴离子粘土矿物[7]等。其中,水滑石(layered double hydroxides, LDHs)作为一种新型环境功能材料,因其比表面积大、阴离子交换容量大、热稳定性好等优点被广泛应用于去除Sb(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅴ)等离子污染物[8]。李杨等[9]研究表明,MgAl LDHs对Sb(Ⅴ)的最大吸附量可达50.52 mg∙g−1;ARDAU等[10]研究表明,ZnAl LDHs对Sb(Ⅴ)的最大离子交换容量为30.3 mg∙g−1。郭亚祺等[11]研究表明,煅烧水滑石在共存氟砷的水体中对砷的最大吸附量为51.02 mg∙g−1;VIOLANTE等[12]通过共沉淀法制备的LDHs对AsO4的吸附量为52.58 mg∙g−1。然而,LDHs材料对2种污染物的去除效果仍然有限,且鲜有关于二者共存体系的去除研究。
LDHs具有高度可变的矿物结构,LDHs板层结构类似水镁石Mg(OH)2的正八面体,可以看作是Mg2+离子通过类质同象作用部分地被M3+离子取代。为了中和M3+/Mg2+的正电荷,需要更多的阴离子达到电荷平衡。因此,其层间阴离子具有可交换性,为含有功能基团的有机分子插入层间来改性LDHs增强其吸附性能提供了可行性[13-14]。氨基酸是蛋白质的基本组成单元,通常以兼性离子的形式存在于水溶液中。在碱性环境中,其可以电离成阴离子,呈现出负电性,通过与LDHs主层板间的静电吸引、氢键等作用插入LDHs层间[15]。使用氨基酸作为客体阴离子改性LDHs时,其中所含的氮、氧等官能团均对Sb(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅴ)这类重金属离子有着较强的络合作用。此外,氨基酸属于环境友好的生物大分子,对环境没有任何危害。因此,利用氨基酸改性来提升LDHs对Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)去除性能的潜力巨大[16]。在众多氨基酸中,甲硫氨酸(Methionine, Met)作为功能基团丰富的代表已经被用于改性环境材料以提升污染物的去除性能。例如,甲硫氨酸改性的蒙脱石和纤维素对Pb2+和氨基黑10B的吸附量分别提高了16.5%和400%[17-18]。基于此,本研究选择甲硫氨酸作为模型分子,采用共沉淀法合成了改性水滑石(Met/LDHs),通过XRD、FTIR、XPS等多种分析测试手段对合成产物的物相组成、表面官能团等进行了表征和分析;采用静态批处理法考察了Met/LDHs对Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附能力,且探究了其对Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附机制,以期为废水去除含锑、砷治理技术提供参考。
甲硫氨酸改性MgFe水滑石对Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能
Adsorption performance of Sb(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅴ) by methionine modified MgFe layered double hydroxides
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摘要: 采用共沉淀法制备了甲硫氨酸改性镁铁水滑石(Met/LDHs)的吸附材料。利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Met/LDHs的形貌和结构进行了表征和基本特性分析,采用静态批处理法考察了Met/LDHs对Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能。经甲硫氨酸改性后的水滑石材料中羧酸根和甲巯基等功能基团增加,对Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)的最大吸附量分别可达66.23 mg∙g−1和67.20 mg∙g−1,均高于未改性的水滑石。在Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)共存的二元体系中,Met/LDHs会优先吸附As(Ⅴ),这可能与As(Ⅴ)的离子半径更小有关。第1次解吸实验后少量的Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)以牢固的化学吸附占据部分吸附位点,导致后续循环使用中其去除率略有降低。Met/LDHs对Sb(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅴ)去除主要依靠层间阴离子交换、氢键作用以及内球表面络合反应等机制共同作用。
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关键词:
- 甲硫氨酸 /
- 镁铁水滑石 /
- 材料改性 /
- 吸附 /
- Sb(V)和As(V)
Abstract: The adsorption materials of methionine modified MgFe layered double hydroxides (Met/LDHs) were prepared by the co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the morphology and structure of Met/LDHs and analyze the basic characteristics. The adsorption properties of Met/LDHs on Sb(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅴ) were investigated by the static batch tests. The LDHs modified with methionine increased carboxylate, methylthiol, and other function groups, they had the maximum adsorption capacities of 66.23 mg∙g−1 and 67.20 mg∙g−1 to Sb(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅴ), respectively, which were higher than that of the unmodified LDHs. Met/LDHs could preferentially adsorb As(Ⅴ) in the binary system with coexistence of arsenic and antimony, which may be related to the smaller ionic radius of As(Ⅴ). After the first desorption experiment, the small amount of Sb(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅴ) occupied a part of the adsorption sites with firm chemisorption, resulting in a slight decrease of the removal rate in the subsequent cycle use. The removal of Sb(Ⅴ) and As(Ⅴ) by Met/LDHs mainly depended on the mechanism of anion exchange between layers, hydrogen bond interaction and complexation reaction on the surface of inner sphere.-
Key words:
- methionine /
- MgFe-LDHs /
- material modification /
- adsorption /
- Sb(V) and As(V)
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表 1 吸附动力学参数
Table 1. Adsorption kinetic parameters
吸附剂 吸附质 拟一级动力学参数 拟二级动力学参数 qe k1 R2 qe k2 R2 LDHs Sb(V) 17.58 10.65 0.978 5 18.09 1.26 0.993 6 Met/LDHs Sb(V) 24.75 8.79 0.979 8 25.59 0.68 0.997 0 LDHs As(V) 35.36 6.58 0.991 0 36.37 0.35 0.995 9 Met/LDHs As(V) 39.17 6.63 0.967 9 40.46 0.30 0.989 5 表 2 吸附等温线参数
Table 2. Adsorption isotherm parameters
吸附剂 吸附质 Langmuir等温线参数 Freundlich等温线参数 qm KL R2 n KF R2 LDHs Sb(V) 44.32 0.020 0.964 0 2.01 2.80 0.895 3 Met/LDHs Sb(V) 66.23 0.022 0.962 4 2.08 4.78 0.936 2 LDHs As(V) 64.23 0.058 0.775 9 3.43 14.36 0.975 4 Met/LDHs As(V) 67.20 0.074 0.820 1 3.50 16.15 0.988 3 表 3 共存体系中的Langmuir吸附等温线参数
Table 3. Langmuir adsorption isotherm parameters in the coexisting system
处理离子
浓度/(mg∙L−1)掺入离子
浓度/(mg∙L−1)Langmuir等温线参数 qm KL R2 Sb(Ⅴ)/
(0~200)As(Ⅴ)/0 66.23 0.022 0.962 4 As(Ⅴ)/10 46.11 0.014 0.956 5 As(Ⅴ)/50 42.09 0.007 0.980 9 As(Ⅴ)/(0~200) Sb(Ⅴ)/0 67.20 0.074 0.820 1 Sb(Ⅴ)/10 68.47 0.083 0.853 2 Sb(Ⅴ)/50 67.50 0.088 0.799 0 -
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