多氯联苯和重金属对电子垃圾拆解区土壤微生物群落的影响研究
Study on Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Heavy Metals on Soil Microbial Communities in E-waste Dismantling Areas
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摘要: 多氯联苯（polychlorinated biphenyls，PCBs）和重金属是电子垃圾拆解区中普遍存在的污染物，但目前关于PCBs和重金属对电子垃圾拆解区土壤微生物群落的影响尚不明确。本研究以华南地区电子垃圾拆解区的2个集中拆解区域（A和B）为研究对象，结合Illumina高通量测序技术和生物信息分析，探究PCBs和重金属对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）是研究区域重要的门，青枯菌属（Ralstonia）、鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）为优势属，A地区微生物丰富度低于B地区。微生物共现性网络分析显示大多数微生物通过协同作用以应对PCBs和重金属造成的污染，较高浓度的PCBs导致A地区微生物共现性网络不稳定。冗余分析结果显示PCB 153、PCB 209、Mn、Zn、Cd和Pb是显著影响微生物群落组成的环境因子，共解释微生物群落变化的21.33%；低浓度的Zn和Cd与微生物丰富度显著正相关，栖热菌属（Thermus）可以作为潜在的PCBs污染指示微生物。这些结果揭示了PCBs和重金属是影响微生物群落的关键因素。Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals are prevalent contaminants in e-waste dismantling areas, but the effects of PCBs and heavy metals on soil microbial communities in e-waste dismantling areas are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of PCBs and heavy metals on soil microbial community structure by combining Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis in two concentrated dismantling areas (A and B) of the e-waste dismantling area in South China. The results showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were important phylum in the study areas, Ralstonia and Sphingomonas were the dominant genus, and the microbial richness in area A was lower than that in area B. The microbial co-occurrence network analysis showed that most microorganisms acted synergistically to cope with the pollution caused by PCBs and heavy metals, and higher concentrations of PCBs led to an unstable microbial co-occurrence network in area A. The results of redundancy analysis showed that PCB 153, PCB 209, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Pb were environmental factors that significantly influenced the composition of microbial communities, together explaining 21.33% of the microbial community variation; low concentrations of Zn and Cd were significantly and positively correlated with microbial abundance, and Thermus could be used as a potential indicator microorganism for PCBs contamination. These results reveal that PCBs and heavy metals are key factors affecting microbial communities.
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