深圳市2010-2017年降水中化学组分特征及来源解析
Chemical compositions and sources of precipitation in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2017
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摘要: 为研究深圳市大气降水中化学组分特征及来源，对2010-2017年降水中主要离子浓度及来源进行分析，结果表明，8年间降水雨量加权pH年均值为5.01，雨量加权平均电导率年均值为14.19 μS·cm-1，酸雨频次年均占比为53.18%.降水中含量最高的阴离子SO42-、阳离子NH4+雨量加权平均当量浓度分别为27.82 μeq·L-1及25.63 μeq·L-1，主要离子及占比高低依次为SO42-、NH4+、NO3-、Cl-、Ca2+、Na+及H+，8年占比均值高达94.34%.中和降水中酸性组分的主要碱性离子为连续8年占比最高且稳中上升的NH4+，引起酸雨且前体化合物NOx含量逐年增大的致酸离子NO3-占比也逐年增大，为硫酸-硝酸混合型降水.降水中Na+、Cl-及Mg2+主要为海洋输入，轻度富集的Ca2+受地壳来源如建筑扬尘、土壤尘影响大，有相同释放源且中度富集的SO42-及高度富集的NO3-受人类活动如工业废气释放、机动车燃料排放及焚烧释放等影响大.降水中NO3-与NH4+及Ca2+、SO42-与NH4+、Ca2+及K+相关性明显，表明深圳市大气中存在NH4NO3、Ca（NO3）2、（NH4）2SO4、CaSO4及K2SO4等5种物质，而NH4+与SO42-、NO3-相关性更强，表明大气降水中（NH4）2SO4及NH4NO3占主导，揭示中和降水中酸性物质为NH3的概率最大.Abstract: To investigate the characteristics and sources of chemical compositions of precipitation in Shenzhen, the concentration and sources of major ions were analyzed in the precipitation collected during the period from 2010 to 2017. The results showed that rainfall volume weighted mean pH was 5.01, rainfall volume weighted mean conductivity was 14.19 μS·cm-1 and the frequency of acid rain was 53.18%. The rainfall volume weighted mean values of concentration for the highest contents of anion SO42- was 27.82 μeq·L-1, and that of cation NO3- was 25.63 μeq·L-1. And main ions and contributions in precipitation during eight years were SO42- > NO3- > Cl- > Ca2+> NH4+ > Na+ > H+, accounting for 94.34% of total ions concentration. And the ratio for NO3- as acid-causing ion had also an increasing trend due to the increased content of precursor compound NOx year by year, which was mixed with sulfuric acid and nitric acid in Shenzhen. Na+, Cl- and Mg2+ mainly derived from ocean input, slightly enriched Ca2+ was strongly affected by crustal sources such as building dust and soil dust, and moderately enriched SO42- and highly enriched NO3- primarily came from the emission by human activities such as industrial exhaust emissions, vehicle release and incineration release and so on. Good correlations between NO3-, NH4+ and Ca2+ as well as between SO42-, NH4+, Ca2+ and K+ were observed, which implied that NH4NO3, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)2SO4, K2SO4 and CaSO4 all existed in atmosphere. Stronger correlations of NH4+ with SO42- and NO3- were observed, which indicated (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 were the dominant components in the precipitates, and NH3 was the most proboble chemical to neutralize acidic substances.
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Key words:
- Shenzhen /
- precipitation /
- chemical composition /
- sources apportionment
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