内蒙古达里诺尔湖湖泊水体与入湖河水水化学特征及控制因素
Hydrochemical properties and controlling factors of the Dali Lake and its inflow river water in Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 为摸清内蒙古达里诺尔湖湖泊水体与入湖河水的水化学主要离子组成特征及其控制因素，于2013年6-9月对湖水、河水进行采样.采用水化学类型三角图分析不同湖水与河水的主要离子组成，利用Gibbs图分析水体化学成分主要驱动因素，在此基础上，运用河水主要离子比例关系图进一步分析入湖河水离子主要来源.结果显示，达里诺尔湖湖水总溶解固体（TDS）含量范围为5800-6170 mg·L-1，平均值为5990 mg·L-1，入湖河水TDS含量范围为140-310 mg·L-1，平均值为200 mg·L-1，远低于湖水的TDS值.入湖的河水属于淡水，而湖水则已演变为中度咸水.湖水、河水主离子组成以及水化学类型具有一定的差异，其中，湖水离子含量特征为HCO3-（2564.60 mg·L-1） >Cl-（2025.29 mg·L-1） >SO42-（424.02 mg·L-1），Na+（2070.68 mg·L-1） >K+（159.24 mg·L-1） >Mg2+（20.04 mg·L-1） >Ca2+（5.09 mg·L-1）；河水离子含量特征为HCO3-（118.93 mg·L-1） >Cl-（24.99 mg·L-1） >SO42-（11.77 mg·L-1），Na+（49.84 mg·L-1） >Ca2+（27.83 mg·L-1） >Mg2+（14.55 mg·L-1 ） >K+（6.56 mg·L-1）；依据阴、阳离子所占比例进行分类，湖水的水化学类型为Cl-HCO3-Na型，贡格尔河为Cl-HCO3-SO4-Na-Ca型，浩来河为Cl-HCO3-Na-Ca-Mg型，沙里河为HCO3-Na-Mg型，亮子河为HCO3-Ca-Na型.从水化学驱动因素上看，其水化学组成自然起源主要受自身蒸发-结晶作用的影响，部分区域受到农业活动、放牧及旅游业等人类活动影响，而贡格尔河、浩来河、亮子河及沙里河4条入湖河水的水化学组成落在Gibbs模型的中部，则主要受岩石风化作用控制，4条河流主要受碳酸岩风化影响，钠硅酸岩风化对河水中阳离子的贡献也较大.结合入湖河水水质、水化学驱动因素分析，近年来湖水水体盐化主要是受湖区蒸发量增大、入湖流量减少、湖区面积萎缩的影响，入湖盐分的贡献及人类活动的影响则相对较小.Abstract: To study the main water chemical characteristics and control factors for Dalinuoer Lake and inflow rivers in Inner Mongolia, the lake and river water samples were collected from June to September 2013. Piper diagram was used to analyze the composition of main ions for the lake and each river, and the major driving factors for water chemistry were investigated by Gibbs map. Further more, primary sources of the ions in the flow rivers were analyzed with the ions ratio diagram. The results show that the content of total dissolved solid (TDS) in Dalinuoer Lake was in the range of 5800-6170 mg·L-1 and the average value was 5990 mg·L-1; The TDS content of inflow rivers was in the range of 140-310 mg·L-1, and the average value was 200 mg·L-1 far less than the lake. The major ion compositions of the water in the lake and Inflow Rivers were significantly different. The ion contents of the lake were HCO3-(2564.60 mg·L-1) >Cl-(2025.29 mg·L-1) >SO42-(424.02 mg·L-1), Na+(2070.68 mg·L-1) >K+(159.24 mg·L-1) >Mg2+(20.04 mg·L-1) >Ca2+(5.09 mg·L-1). And the contents in the river were HCO3-(118.93 mg·L-1) >Cl-(24.99 mg·L-1) >SO42-(11.77 mg·L-1), Na+(49.84 mg·L-1) >Ca2+(27.83 mg·L-1) >Mg2+(4.55 mg·L-1) >K+(6.56 mg·L-1).According to the proportion of all ions, the hydrochemical classification was Cl-HCO3-Na for the lake, Cl-HCO3-SO4-Na-Ca for Gong Geer River, Cl-HCO3-Na-Ca-Mg for Hao Lai River, HCO3-Na-Mg for Sha Li River, HCO3-Ca-Na for Liang Zi River, respectively. Based on the driving factors of the water chemistry, the natural factor was evaporation-crystallization,and in some areas of the lake it was affected by human activities. However, the inflow river (Gong Geer, Hao Lai, Liang Zi and Sha Li) water samples located in the middle of Gibbs model, which indicates that the major chemical process of inflow rivers water is controlled by rock weathering. Carbonate weathering plays a much more important role.Combined with the analysis of the river water chemical composition and driving factors, recent increase in lake water salinity is mainly due to increased evaporation, decreased flow into the lake, and shrinking lake area. The influence of river salts and the contribution of human activities were relatively small.
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Key words:
- major ion compositions /
- rock weathering /
- Gibbs /
- control mechanism
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