丽江-玉龙雪山地区大气降水化学特征
Characteristics of rainwater chemistry in Lijiang-Yulong Snow Mountain
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摘要: 2014年6—8月分别对丽江-玉龙雪山索道区，甘海子，丽江市区，龙蟠镇等4个地区进行降水采集，共采集87个样品，对主要化学离子（Na+、K+、NH+4、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO2-4、Cl-、NO-3）电荷浓度进行分析.结果表明，离子总浓度丽江市区>龙蟠镇>甘海子>索道区.阳离子含量最高的为Ca2+和NH+4，阴离子含量最高的为SO2-4.分析1997—2014年丽江降水离子含量，SO2-4与NO-3的比值逐年下降，表明旅游业和交通运输业对丽江大气环境质量影响显著.采用主因子分析法进行分析，NH+4、SO2-4、NO-3在第一因子中为高载荷，受人类污染的影响，Na+与K+、Cl-在第二因子中高载荷，受海洋源影响.Ca2+、Mg2+在第三因子中高载荷，受陆地源影响.Abstract: From June to August of 2014, a total of 87 rainwater samples were collected from glacial park (at Yulong Snow Mountain), Ganhaizi Basin, Lijiang City and Longpan Town. The major ions (Na+, K+, NH+4, Ca2+, Mg2+,SO2-4, Cl-, NO-3) of the samples were analyzed. The results showed that the total ion concentration decreased in the following order: Lijiang City > Longpan Town > Ganhaizi Basin > glacial park. Ca2+ and NH+4 had the highest concentrations among cations, and SO2-4 was the dominant anion. In addition, our result showed that the ratio of SO2-4 to NO-3 decreased gradually in rainwater from 1997 to 2014, indicating that transportation and tourism had a great impact on the quality of atmospheric environment in Lijiang city. We also used factor analysis methods to investigate the source of chemical ions in the precipitation. We found that NH+4, SO2-4, NO-3were high loaded in the first factor. They were closely related to anthropogenic emissions. Na+, K+, Cl- were high loaded in the second factor. They were mainly originated from sea salt particulates. Ca2+ and Mg2+were high loaded in the third factor. They were mainly from local dust.
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