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目前,城市黑臭水体治理已经进入攻坚期[1]。对于城市河道来讲,水体黑臭与底泥污染密切相关,因此,污染底泥的异位处理或原位修复是黑臭水体治理的关键环节。河道底泥黑臭主要与酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、亚铁和氨氮的存在有关,其含量的高低直接反映了河流黑臭水体的污染情况[2-4]。针对这些污染物质,以往常规的物理或者化学修复方法并不能同时去除所有污染,甚至可能引起其他的二次污染[5-10]。因此,在不产生二次污染的前提下,研究出一种新型绿色环保的治理方法,以达到底泥致黑臭多污染物的同步耦合去除是目前人们关注的热点问题。
电动修复技术最初兴起于污染土壤的修复,其修复原理是在直流电场的作用下,利用电迁移、电渗析和电泳等原理去除土壤中的重金属和有机物等污染物,并成功应用于工程实践中[11-13]。随着研究的不断深入,该技术也被尝试用于去除水体中硫化物和氨氮等物质[14-19],其原理是利用电极的氧化还原作用。对于还原性物质,可以利用阳极的氧化作用,直接氧化分解污染物质,或者是利用外加电势刺激相应功能的微生物,提高微生物的活性,再利用微生物间接分解污染物质,从而达到修复的目的。因此,利用阳极的氧化作用,在一定程度上可以对底泥中硫化物、亚铁、氨氮等主要还原性污染物进行氧化,实现多污染物同步耦合去除的目标。
目前,采用电动修复技术在理论上可以实现底泥黑臭污染物质的同步氧化去除。本研究通过实验室的模拟实验,探讨了电动修复对底泥致黑臭污染物(硫化物、亚铁、氨氮)的同步去除特征,分析了电动修复治理黑臭底泥的优化条件,相关结果可为河道水体黑臭的治理提供新参考。
利用电动修复技术原位氧化去除黑臭底泥还原性污染物的室内模拟实验
Indoor simulation experiment of in-situ oxidation removing the reductive pollutants in black-odorous river sediment with electrokinetic remediation
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摘要: 城市河道底泥致黑臭多污染物的同步耦合去除是当前研究的热点。为实现河道底泥致黑臭污染物的同步去除,采用电动修复技术开展了氧化去除黑臭底泥硫化物、亚铁和氨氮等还原性污染物的室内模拟实验。实验结果表明:在单向通电(1.5 V·cm−1)10 d后,阳极区对底泥硫化物(AVS)、亚铁有明显的氧化效果,去除率分别达到59.51%和79.41%,但阴极的去除效果不明显;阳极区和阴极区均对间隙水氨氮有明显的去除效果,去除率分别为56.5%和73.9%。在氧化过程中,阳极和阴极出现明显的酸化和碱化现象,而这种两极酸碱化可以通过周期性切换电极的方式加以避免。在电极切换频率为1、2.5和5 d·次−1时,对黑臭物质的氧化效果差别明显;在切换频率为5 d·次−1时,对硫化物、亚铁氧化去除效果最好;在切换频率为2.5 d·次−1时,对氨氮去除效果最佳。硫化物、亚铁、氨氮最大去除率可分别达到76.19%,72.48%和88.57%。由此可见,电动修复可以同步去除底泥中的致黑臭污染物质,改善水体水质,但其去除率有待进一步优化提高。Abstract: Synchronous removal of multi-pollutants in black and odorous sediment in urban rivers is a hot research topic nowadays. To achieve synchronous removal of multi-pollutants in black and odorous sediment, the indoor simulation experiments of oxidation removing the reductive pollutants in black and odorous sediment, such as sulfide, ferrous and ammonia nitrogen, were conducted with electrickinetic remediation technology. The results showed that after 10 days treatment by one-way electrode electrolysis (1.5 V·cm−1), acidic volatile sulfide (AVS) and ferrous iron could be obviously oxidized in the anode sediment area, with the removal rates of 59.51% and 79.41%, respectively; but their removal effects in the cathode area was not significant. In addition, the ammonia nitrogen concentrations in interstitial water could be significantly reduced in both anode and cathode area, and the corresponding removal rates were 56.5% and 73.9%, respectively. However, during the oxidation process, obvious acidification in anode area and alkalinization in cathode area occurred, which could be avoided by periodically switching the electrodes. At the electrode switching frequencies of 1-, 2.5-, and 5-day per cycle, the oxidation efficiencies of black-odorous pollutants were significantly different during the electrokinetic remediation. In addition, the optimized electrode switching frequency for sulfide and ferrous iron removal was 5-day per cycle, while for ammonia nitrogen removal was 2.5-day per cycle. The maximum removal rates of sulfide, ferrous iron and ammonia nitrogen could reach 76.19%, 72.48% and 88.57%, respectively. The above findings indicated that electrickinetic remediation technology could simultaneously remove multi-pollutants in the black-odorous sediments and improve the water quality, but the corresponding removal efficiencies may require further improvement.
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Key words:
- black-odorous sediments in river /
- electrokinetic remediation /
- sulfide /
- ferrous /
- ammonia nitrogen /
- oxidation
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