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多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类由2个或2个以上苯环在线性、角形或簇状排列下组成的半挥发性有机化合物[1],包括萘(NAP)、蒽(ANT)、菲(PHE)、芘(PYR)和苯并[a]芘(BaP)等在内的150余种。PAHs的低生物利用率、疏水性和热力学稳定性等特征,使其在环境中的降解率较低[2]。
PYR作为典型的四环PAHs,常被用作高环芳烃降解的研究基础。细菌可以在有氧或无氧条件下代谢PYR。PYR的有氧代谢已得到广泛研究,尤其是在分枝杆菌和解环菌中较为常见[3]。在有氧降解途径中,PYR在单加氧酶或双加氧酶的催化下被氧化。双加氧酶是一种复杂的多组分酶体系,由铁氧还蛋白、还原酶和含铁硫的末端加氧酶组成[4]。PYR的苯环可以被双加氧酶羟基化形成顺式二氢二醇,然后被脱氢酶氧化为次二醇,这些次二醇被内环裂解双加氧酶通过邻位裂解,或通过外环裂解双加氧酶进行间位裂解,生成常见的邻苯二酚,然后转化为三羧酸循环(TCA)所需要的代谢物质[3,5],这是最常见的PYR细菌降解途径。其中涉及到的酶主要包括双加氧酶、二氢庚二醇脱氢酶、断裂双加氧酶、乙醇脱氢酶、乙醛脱氢酶和脱羧酶等。
目前发现能够降解PYR的典型细菌有假交替单胞菌属(PseudoAlteromonas sp.)[6]、解环菌属(Cyclocasticus sp.)[7-8]、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)[9-12]、红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.)[13]、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium sp.)[14-15]等。本文利用PYR作为唯一碳源,在被石油烃污染码头的海底沉积物中分离到一株海洋PYR降解菌株,对其进行了分类鉴定,并对降解途径和基因组进行了初步分析,以丰富芳烃化合物海洋降解菌库,以此为海洋环境中PAHs污染治理等提供数据参考。
海洋芘降解菌Alteromonas sp.P7的降解特性及基因组初步分析
Degradation characteristics and genome analysis of marine pyrene degrading bacteria Alteromonas sp. P7.
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摘要: 以芘(PYR)为唯一碳源,在青岛受石油烃污染的码头的海底沉积物中分离到1株PYR海洋降解菌株P7,经过形态学观察、16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定菌株P7属于交替单胞菌(Alteromonas)。该菌株在20 d内对PYR的降解率可达44.8%。经GC-MS鉴定分析发现,菌株P7降解芘的代谢产物中含有邻苯二甲酸和水杨酸,且细胞代谢过程中产生邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶,由此推测出Alteromonas sp. P7对芘的降解中间产物中含有邻苯二酚,且对芘的降解是通过邻苯二甲酸途径和水杨酸途径实现的。通过对分离得到的Alteromonas sp. P7进行测序,得到1条全长4 597 467 bp的基因组,对该基因序列注释,得到编码基因8 164个,平均GC含量为44.26%。重将测序结果与数据库比对并检索,菌株P7含有参与编码邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶的基因。Abstract: Using pyrene (PYR) as the sole carbon source, a Marine PYR degrading strain P7 was isolated from the seabed sediments of an oil-contaminated wharf in Qingdao. The strain P7 was identified as Alteromonas sp. by morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The degradation rate of PYR by strain P7 was 44.8% within 20 days, which was the first report of pyrene degradation by Alteromonas. Phthalic acid and salicylic acid were identified as the metabolites by GC/MS analysis, and catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase was produced during cell metabolism. Therefore, catechol was inferred in the intermediate products of pyrene degradation by Alteromonas sp. P7. Pyrene was degraded by both phthalic acid pathway and salicylic acid pathway. By sequencing the isolated Alteromonas sp. P7, a genome of 4 597 467 bp was obtained, and 8164 coding genes were determined by annotating the gene sequence, with an average GC content of 44.26%. After comparing the sequencing results with the database and retrieving them, a gene involved in the encoding of catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase was found in strain P7.
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Key words:
- pyrene degrading bacteria /
- Alteromonas /
- metabolites /
- dioxygenase /
- genome
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表 1 P7非编码RNA预测的数据统计
Table 1. Statistical analysis for non-coding RNA prediction of P7
非编码
RNA类型拷贝
数量序列平均
长度/bp序列总
长度/bp非编码 RNA 序列总长度
占基因组序列百分比/%5S rRNA 1 111 111 0.002 4 16S rRNA 1 1 529 1 529 0.033 3 23S rRNA 1 2 878 2 878 0.062 6 tRNA 59 78 4 629 0.100 7 ncRNA 24 167 4 030 0.087 6 表 2 PYR降解相关酶的预测
Table 2. Prediction of PYR degradation related enzymes
序列名称 序列长度 NR数据库注释 WP_105930780.1 213 ɑ-二酮戊酸双加氧酶AlkB WP_120959161.1 284 芳香环断裂双加氧酶 WP_120959905.1 357 4-羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶 APD86758.1 352 芳香环断裂双加氧酶ɑ亚基 HAS77371.1 446 苯甲酸盐1,2双加氧酶大亚基 HAS77370.1 164 苯甲酸盐1,2双加氧酶小亚基 WP_156087408.1 307 邻苯二酚-2,3-双加氧酶 WP_105929916.1 210 芳香酸脱羧酶 WP_105932022.1 183 羧基粘康酸内酯脱羧酶 -
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