国内外污染场地环境风险评估框架形成与发展
A Review of Formulation and Development of Domestic and Foreign Environmental Risk Assessment Frameworks for Contaminated Sites
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摘要: 城市工业企业搬迁与退役遗留大量污染场地，其潜在环境风险受到各国政府的高度重视。在化学品风险/毒性评估的基础上，欧美等发达国家(地区)率先发展和形成了独具特色的环境风险评估框架。我国在借鉴吸纳国外先进经验的基础上，逐步形成符合国情的场地环境风险评估框架。笔者系统梳理了我国和美国、欧盟、荷兰、英国等国家(地区)的污染场地环境风险评估框架形成与发展历程；分析阐释了各框架的首要目标、决策与管理过程、科学定位、关键创新等要素及其内涵；揭示了各个国家(地区)在特定历史时期关键法律法规、政策与技术文件等的推动、支撑及指导作用等。通过对比研究可为我国场地环境风险评估框架的完善与创新发展提供有益参考。Abstract: Many industrial contaminated sites have been left in urban areas, due to the relocation and retirement of industrial enterprises, and their potential environmental risks have attracted great attention all over the world. In such circumstance, some developed countries (regions) in Europe and America have formed their own characteristic environmental risk assessment frameworks (ERAF), based on the risk/toxicity assessment of chemicals. In China, the ERAF in line with current realistic situation is gradually developed, by integrating foreign experience. This paper systematically reviews the formulation and development of the ERAF for contaminated sites in China, the United States, the European Union, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, etc. The primary objectives, decision-making and management process, scientific orientations, and key innovations of these ERAFs are summarized. In addition, the promotion, support and guiding roles of key laws, regulations, policies, and technical guidelines of each country (region) in specific historical period are outlined. This review can provide a useful reference for the development and improvement of ERAF for contaminated sites in China.
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Key words:
- environmental risk /
- contaminated sites /
- risk assessment /
- framework
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