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高寒, 董艳春, 周术元. 化学战剂热催化分解研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2019, 38(4): 950-956. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018052901
引用本文: 高寒, 董艳春, 周术元. 化学战剂热催化分解研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2019, 38(4): 950-956. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018052901
shu
GAO Han, DONG Yanchun, ZHOU Shuyuan. Research progress on the thermocatalytic decomposition of chemical warfare agents[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019, 38(4): 950-956. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018052901
Citation: GAO Han, DONG Yanchun, ZHOU Shuyuan. Research progress on the thermocatalytic decomposition of chemical warfare agents[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019, 38(4): 950-956. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018052901
shu

化学战剂热催化分解研究进展

  • 1.

    防化研究院, 国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室, 北京, 100191

  • 基金项目:

    国家自然科学基金（21701186）资助.

Research progress on the thermocatalytic decomposition of chemical warfare agents

  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of National Nuclear Biological and Chemical Disaster Protection, Research Institution of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 100191, China

  • Fund Project: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21701186).

  • 摘要: 热催化分解技术可将染毒空气加热后通过催化床，毒剂分子在催化剂活性位上发生吸附、氧化、脱烷和水解等一系列物理化学反应，生成CO2等小分子化合物，该技术是一种广谱高效的净化技术.文中综述了催化材料对典型化学战剂的热催化分解性能.对于神经性毒剂沙林来说，活性炭、氧化钒和Pt催化剂有更好的催化活性，磷物种在催化剂上的逐渐累积是失活的主要原因；对于全身中毒性毒剂HCN和CNCl而言，水解反应对产物选择性的影响尤为重要；对糜烂性毒剂芥子气来说，催化剂的设计与反应机理的研究仍处在起步阶段；相比其他毒剂，窒息性毒剂光气更容易被催化分解，Pt催化剂对光气的热催化分解展现出较好的性能.本文将为设计合成高性能毒剂热催化分解材料提供一些参考.
    Abstract: Thermocatalytic decomposition is able to completely degrade toxic molecules at the active sites of a catalyst through adsorption, oxidation, dealkylation and hydrolysis to form small molecular compounds such as CO2 by passing the heated toxic air through the catalyst bed, which is a broad-spectrum and efficient purification technology. Hereon, the performance of thermocatalytic decomposition of typical chemical warfare agents on catalysts is reviewed. For the nerve agent sarin, activated carbon, vanadium oxide and Pt catalysts have better catalytic activity. However, the main factor for deactivation is the gradual accumulation of phosphorus species on the catalysts. For the systemic agents HCN and CNCl, the impact of the hydrolysis reaction on product selectivity is particularly important. And for mustard gas, a typical blister agent, the studies on the catalyst design and reaction mechanism are still in the early stage. Compared with other chemical warfare agents, phosgene, a choking agent, is more easily catalyzed and decomposed. Pt catalysts show better performance for thermocatalytic decomposition of phosgene. This review will provide some references for the design and synthesis of high-performance materials for thermocatalytic decomposition of chemical warfare agents.
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  • 收稿日期:  2018-05-29
  • 刊出日期:  2019-04-15
高寒, 董艳春, 周术元. 化学战剂热催化分解研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2019, 38(4): 950-956. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018052901
引用本文: 高寒, 董艳春, 周术元. 化学战剂热催化分解研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2019, 38(4): 950-956. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018052901
shu
GAO Han, DONG Yanchun, ZHOU Shuyuan. Research progress on the thermocatalytic decomposition of chemical warfare agents[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019, 38(4): 950-956. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018052901
Citation: GAO Han, DONG Yanchun, ZHOU Shuyuan. Research progress on the thermocatalytic decomposition of chemical warfare agents[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2019, 38(4): 950-956. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2018052901
shu

化学战剂热催化分解研究进展

  • 1. 防化研究院, 国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室, 北京, 100191
  • 收稿日期:  2018-05-29
基金项目:

国家自然科学基金（21701186）资助.

摘要: 热催化分解技术可将染毒空气加热后通过催化床，毒剂分子在催化剂活性位上发生吸附、氧化、脱烷和水解等一系列物理化学反应，生成CO2等小分子化合物，该技术是一种广谱高效的净化技术.文中综述了催化材料对典型化学战剂的热催化分解性能.对于神经性毒剂沙林来说，活性炭、氧化钒和Pt催化剂有更好的催化活性，磷物种在催化剂上的逐渐累积是失活的主要原因；对于全身中毒性毒剂HCN和CNCl而言，水解反应对产物选择性的影响尤为重要；对糜烂性毒剂芥子气来说，催化剂的设计与反应机理的研究仍处在起步阶段；相比其他毒剂，窒息性毒剂光气更容易被催化分解，Pt催化剂对光气的热催化分解展现出较好的性能.本文将为设计合成高性能毒剂热催化分解材料提供一些参考.

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