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水是人类生存与社会发展的基础. 饮用水,作为直接供给人体饮用的水源,其质量与公众健康密切相关. 为保证饮用水安全,通常需要向水中添加消毒剂以杀死水中的病原菌. 常用消毒剂如氯气或氯胺等可能与水中的有机物或污染物发生反应并产生消毒副产物[1]. 卤代苯醌是近年来水体中发现的一类未受管控且具有潜在毒理学效应的新型DBPs[2 − 7]. 虽然其在各类水体中浓度约为ng·L−1级别[8],但相比于已受到美国环境保护署、欧洲联盟理事会及世界卫生组织管控的DBPs,HBQs表现出更高的细胞毒性和遗传毒性[9 − 12]. 有研究表明长期饮用氯化消毒后的饮用水可能增加患膀胱癌的风险[13]. 此外,定量结构毒性关系分析预测HBQs是潜在的膀胱癌致癌物质[14]. 因此,HBQs可能会对人类健康及生态环境的安全构成威胁. 本文重点关注HBQs的化学特征与形成机制、环境污染分布及毒性作用.
卤代苯醌类消毒副产物的毒理学研究进展
Research progress on toxicology of haloquinoid disinfection byproducts
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摘要: 卤代苯醌(halobenzoquinones, HBQs)是近年来在水体中发现的一类具有潜在毒理学效应且未受管控的新型消毒副产物(disinfection by-products, DBPs). 本文综述了HBQs的化学特征与生成机制、环境中的分布情况,并对其引起的细胞毒性、氧化应激毒性、遗传毒性、生物毒性进行了概述. 这些内容旨在为深入探讨HBQs的毒理学机制和全面评估其暴露所可能导致的健康风险及癌症风险提供科学依据.Abstract: Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are newly identified, unregulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) with potential toxicity, recently found in various water bodies. This article reviews the chemical properties, and formation mechanisms of HBQs, as well as their environmental distribution. It provides an extensive overview of the toxicological impacts of HBQs exposure, including cytoxicity, oxidative stress toxicity, genetic toxicity, and other biological effects. The goal is to offer a scientific basis for further investigation into the toxicological mechanisms of HBQs and to enhance understanding of the potential health risks associated with HBQs exposure.
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