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土壤系统中生命与非生命的相互关系是人类与其它生物生存环境的重要组成部分对推动物质循环和能量流动具有重要作用. 土壤是人类生产生活的基础资源,它具有提供食物来源、控制温室气体排放、促进碳氮循环和维持生物多样性等多重功能,也是能量交换和物质循环最活跃的生命层,具有有毒污染物缓冲带、过滤器和聚集地的双重身份[1-3]. 即使我国每年土壤污染防治投入不断增加,但仍然面临水土流失严重、耕地质量平均等级偏低、土壤盐碱化和沙化严重等问题. 与此同时,随着我国正式开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家的进程,农业环境改善和矿产资源开发成为全球经济衰退后拉动全球经济增长的不竭动力[4].
来自于土壤系统功能中的生物多样性提供了全球价值最大的生态系统服务. 微生物作为土壤系统的核心在碳、氮、磷等物质分解、养分循环以及结构稳定等方面发挥着重要作用,其多样性也极易受pH、营养条件、重金属等土壤因子的影响[5-6]. 因此,本文分析土壤微生物对碳磷氮等及非金属污染物的代谢特征,并通过矿山土壤环境的微生物特征分析,提出外部物理场调控将有助于微生物群落向可控方向演变,对土壤污染物阻控和理化特性改善并进一步实现退化土壤生态结构与功能重塑具有重要意义.
土壤微生物代谢模式及其环境影响研究进展
Developments in the research of soil microbial metabolic patterns and their environmental impacts
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摘要: 随着土壤利用模式变化及矿产资源不断开发,土壤微生物活性降低及矿山土壤生态恶化已成为阻碍社会生产效率提高的主要因素之一.由于国家和社会逐渐重视土地高质量发展及微生物生态修复工程,本文综述了土壤微生物对碳、磷、氮和其它非金属污染物的代谢模式,并且基于土壤生态系统特性,讨论了微生物驱动的物质循环影响因素(pH、营养条件、重金属等土壤因子).阐述了微生物多样性和根际环境的形成在矿山生态环境修复初期所起的重要作用,并通过土壤环境的外场作用机制分析,揭露了电、磁、紫外等外场的控制将有助于微生物群落及其功能的可控方向演变,对土壤污染物阻控和理化特性改善并推动实现退化土壤生态结构与功能的重塑具有重要意义.Abstract: With the change of soil utilization patterns and the continuous exploitation of mineral resources, the decrease of soil microbial activity and the ecological deterioration of mineral soils have become one of the main factors that hinder the improvement of social productivity.As the country and society are gradually paying attention to high-quality land development and microbial ecological remediation projects, this paper reviews the metabolic patterns of carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen and other non-metallic pollutants by soil microorganisms, and discusses the microbially driven material cycling factors (pH, nutrient conditions, heavy metals and other soil factors) based on soil ecosystem characteristics.The importance of microbial diversity and the formation of the inter-root environment in the initial phase of mine ecosystem restoration is described, and through the analysis of the external field action mechanism of soil environment, revealing that the control of external fields such as electric, magnetic and ultraviolet will contribute to the controlled evolution of microbial communities and their functions, which is significant for the control of soil contaminants and improvement of physicochemical properties as well as promoting the remodeling of ecological structure and function of degraded soils.
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Key words:
- Soil microorganisms /
- Nutrient metabolism /
- Non-metallic pollutant /
- Heavy metal /
- Outfield regulation.
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