摘要:
在实验室模拟缢蛏的生长环境,研究乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏的毒性效应.以气相色谱法测定缢蛏体内有机磷农药的含量,并通过光镜观察有机磷农药对缢蛏鳃和消化腺显微结构的影响.结果表明:缢蛏体内乐果和三唑磷的含量随着水体中有机磷农药的增加而增加,有很好的剂量-效应关系,但是无线性相关性.乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏鳃显微结构的影响是:鳃丝变短,鳃丝间隔和基底膜结缔组织增生,鳃孔、血管腔堵塞;不同的是:在乐果胁迫下,上皮细胞纤毛脱落严重,而三唑磷胁迫下,上皮细胞纤毛增生.乐果和三唑磷对缢蛏消化腺显微结构的影响主要表现为腺细胞界限模糊,腺泡水肿变形、部分坏死;结缔组织增生,细胞间质疏松,出现许多空泡;有机磷农药的浓度高时消化腺细胞变性、坏死,细胞质囊泡化.
关键词:
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乐果
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三唑磷
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缢蛏
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气相色谱
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显微结构
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毒理效应
Abstract:
The toxic effects of two typical organophosphorous pesticides,dimethoate and triazophos,on Sinonovacula constricta(Lamarck)living in the intertidal sediment were investigated in this study.S.constricta were cultured in the laboratory simulating the razor living surrounding.Samples were taken at 14d after exposed to dimethoate and triazophos and triazophos.The concentrations of dimethoate and triazophos were determined with GC.Microstructure changes in gill and digestive gland of Sinonovacula constricta were also observed.The concentrations of dimethoate and triazophos in S.constricta increased with the increasing dimethoate and triazophos in water.There was a good dose-effect but no linear relationship.The microstructure of gill was destroyed when exposed to dimethoate and triazophos.Symptoms included the shortening of branchial filament,hyperplasia of inter-filamentary junction and the basal membrane connective tissues,and the jam of water tube and blood tube.Cilia were falling from the epithelium when exposed to dimethoate,while hyperplastic under the triazophos(exposure).When S.constricta were exposed to dimethoate and triazophos,the microstructure of digestive gland changed.Gland alveolus showed edema,malformation and partial necrosis.And the boundary between gland alveolus was blurred.The hyperplasia could be found in connective tissue.Many vacuoles were observed in the loose cytoplasm.Denatured and necrotic digestive cells and vacuolation of cytoplasm could be found when exposed to high concentration of dimethoate and triazophos.
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